Why Do Muslims Consider Prophet Muhammad a Religious and Political Essay

Why Do Muslims Consider Prophet Muhammad a Religious and Political Role Model - Essay Example His doctrines have influenced both religious and political lives of the Muslim community through teachings of Allah as stated in the Quran. As a religious leader, Prophet Muhammad taught his followers the doctrines of his master Allah. He imparted the knowledge of what his master like and the way he expects his followers to behave (Petras & Eastman-Abaya, the Caricature of Middle East). Therefore, he taught people to forgive each other and live as united family of one father. Prophet Muhammad told his followers to revere no other master beside Allah. Therefore, his teachings about Allah have transformed his followers to trust in their god and put his teachings into practice (Legacy of a Prophet). This is one of the reasons why Muslims respect their fellow Muslims and have greater concern for their needy in the society. It is through the teachings of Prophet Muhammad that the Muslim faith was established to form a different community based on faith and principles of Allah. Muhammad introduced Quran for guiding his followers on various issues. Muslims believe that Quran was confessions of Prophet Muhammad who was reflecting the principles of Allah (Legacy of a Prophet). Since then, Quran has remained vital in learning of Islamic and teaching the Muslim followers on the will of Allah. This holy book is also essential in guiding Muslims who wish to pursue political leadership in the state. For example, Muhammad was a humble servant who never sought to enrich himself by grabbing public property (Petras & Eastman-Abaya, the Caricature of Middle East). He condemned oppression of the poor and emphasized on helping the needy in the society. The life of Muhammad has significantly influenced the lives of his followers in a number of ways (Legacy of a Prophet). Quran gives guidance on how people should relate with each other. It also directs Muslims on how remain trustworthy in marriages and businesses as stated

History Of Aromatherapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History Of Aromatherapy - Essay Example For this ancient culture, perfumes and aromatherapy were a part of daily life, with perfumed substances used in both religious rituals and in medicine. Fragrances were so important to the ancient Egyptians that one of their deities was dedicated to them. Nefertem, the God of perfume, was an important figure in the Egyptian pantheon3, and is linked to Egyptian creation myths as well as being the official patron of plant-based cosmetic and healing arts. Nefertem was most closely linked to the lotus flower, which is still an integral component of Chinese medicine in the present day. The ancient Egyptians used plant oils in religious ceremonies and rituals of all types including embalming, purifying, healing, beautifying, and bathing4. They are known to have used a number of aromatic compounds, including myrrh, frankincense, cedarwood, juniper, and coriander5. Records which date back to 4500 BC mention aromatic oils, barks, resins, and spices used in medicine, religious ritual, and embalming. Many different uses for various plant extracts are documented. For example; hayfever was treated with antimony, aloe, myrrh, and honey6. Queen Nefertiti is said to have used cleansing beauty masks made of honey, milk, and flower pollens7, and to have bathed in oils from 80 different fruits and herbs to keep her skin soft. The Egyptians are thought to have used the processes of distillation and enfleurage to extract plant oils8. The enfleurage technique involves drying flowers over a rack of lard or tallow so that the fat absorbs their scent. This technique was used to extract scent from the Nile lotus, an important ingredient in Egyptian perfumery which features prominently in temple art. Scented substances were included in many of the rituals involved in preparation for the afterlife. They included containers of scented oils at burial sites of the deceased for them to use in the afterlife, and tucked branches of antiseptic herbs such as rosemary within the folds of the cloth wrappings to help preserve the mummy. Cedarwood, clove and myrrh oils were used to embalm the dead. Traces of such herbs have been discovered with intact portions of mummified bodies, with the herb's scent faint but still apparent9. Aromatherapy through the Ages Both the ancient Greeks and Romans gained much of their knowledge of aromatherapy from Egyptian culture10. As trade routes began to open up between Egypt and Europe, the Greeks followed the Egyptians' lead in using plant oils both medicinally and cosmetically. Greek soldiers carried essential oils such as myrrh into battle for the treatment of wounds11, while the famous 'father of medicine', Hippocrates, believed that daily aromatic baths and scented massages were essential to good health12. Knowing that certain plants had antibacterial properties, he urged people to burn these as protection when plague broke out in Athens. Later, the Romans also imported aromatic products from the Far East13. The Romans mastered the art of aromatics, and discovered that while some fragrances were stimulating and uplifting, others had relaxing sedative effects. During the European plague of the 14th century, over eighty million people across

State-Sponsored Terrorism or How the current governmental policies Research Paper

State-Sponsored Terrorism or How the current governmental policies promote terrorism - Research Paper Example Just like the notion of equating the actions of the military forces with terror mentioned above, somepeople liken any governmental powers and authorities over a certain population as similar to terrorism. This view toooutlines what is terrorism and what is not terrorism, as it raises results over intentions. Suppression of violence by personnel of law enforcement may in fact make some of the groups (rioters) into fear and violence, other than the intention of protecting the larger civil law (Hoffman 41). On the other hand, the privilege of legitimized riots’ abuse of governmental authorizes refers to a crime. However, there are situations when state government becomes involved and associated with terrorism, or even use terror approach to achieve the goals of individual or government rulers (Hoffman 205). Most frequently, terrorism relatesto groups or â€Å"non-state actors†, which take no part in a sovereign regime. However, nation’s internal security forces some time use terror for repressing disagreements, and military or intelligence organizations carry out actions of terror intended to further a nation’s diplomatic or policy efforts abroad (Hoffman 234). A government that belongs to the United States sometimes may apply terror actions and terrorism while trying to increase the rate of their engagement of American forces. Oppression through terrorism over the indigenous groups in countries may take place against internal insurrection and dissent that America might exploit (Sharma 180). Armed forces special operations tools and nations intelligence operatives might carry on terrorist actions against United States interests in theater and in abroad countries as far as their capabilities can allow. Finally, violence against the United States homeland might be under control of state sponsored terrorism groups or even funded domestic proxies (Sharma 357).Three varying ways that a state can involve in the use of terror attacks include St ate or government terror, nation engaging in terror, and nation sponsorship of terrorist groups. State or governmental terrorism sometimes refers to â€Å"terrorism from above†, whereby a certain state government terrorizes its own citizens to repress or control them.The government may decide to implement some policies that citizens disagree by force an act that people refer to as government or state terrorism (Sharma 191). These terror actions normally comprise acknowledgement of government’s policies, and involves the use of government institutions such as police, judiciary, military, and some other governmental agencies. Amendments of legal permits, torture, killing, property destruction in recreation of government policiesleads to terrorism. After assumingsupremacy, Nazi policy aimed at destructing the state's enemies and the consequential intimidation among the rest of the country’s population. The 1930s Stalin’s â€Å"purges† are examples sho wing the use of the state’s machinery to terrorize populations (Sharma 182). The methods Stalin used to comprise such terror actions as pushing family members or friends of any suspect enemies who were against the regime, fixed show trials for all opponents, and extra use of military or police force against the opposing population. Saddam Hussein is one of the

Geopolitics of Trade and Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geopolitics of Trade and Development - Assignment Example ch media reports analyses geopolitical situations, this study will analyze the Ukraine and Russian crises over Crimea through a comparison of the Canadian news item (The star.com) and an international news item (CNN). Through a realist approach, this paper will thus analyze different manners with which the two media sources reported the situation. A CNN news report on 18 March 2014 by Matt Smith and Alla Eshchenko reporting the situation in Crimea was entitled â€Å"Ukraine cries ‘robbery’ as Russia annexes Crimea.† In a more influencing manner, the paper reported the culmination of events that led to the annexation of Crimea by Russia. By quoting from figures, CNN reported that the voter percentage of 97% for the Crimean residents voted for the nation to join the Russian Federation. Through the opening paragraphs of the article, the paper gives the reader a notion that the action by the Federation of Russia to annex Crimea is a legal situation going by the unfolding of events and the willingness of the Crimean citizens to join the Russian Federation. Nevertheless, CNN gives the readers of the article a perspective of its thought on the reason Ukraine has a right to cry foul over the ‘robbery’ of their territory. The paper offers a stand that appears to be in support of the United States’ policy on the Crimean crisis by citing to the reader the amount of influence the Russian Federation and military had in the voting by the Crimea to join the Russian Federation. The paper thus gives a more holistic approach to the situation by pointing to the reader the plight of the minority in Crimea who are unwilling to join the Russian Federation but lives in Crimean (Matt Smith & Alla Eshchenko, 2014). While narrowing on the situation in Crimea following the annexation of the region by the Russian Federation, the star.com news on 18th March 2014 under the title â€Å"Putin signs treaty annexing Crimea† majors on the economic and military implication of the

Human resource management and career management Dissertation

Human resource management and career management - Dissertation Example Since the beginning until today, human race has been able to ensure continuous progression in every aspect of the society from education to business, and from art to medicine.In such developments,business has remained an imperative component of every society;however,expertshave indicated that until few decades ago, business were only a meant of making profits, and employees were only instruments of ensuring that profit in the business. In other words, there was no difference between humans and animals and both were tools of carrying out work for the employers. However, in recent years, there has been noteworthy alteration in the process of business (Harris et al., pp. 56-60, 2003), and one can observe significant changes especially after the introduction of human resource management that has now become an imperative component of every business organization around the globe. Analysis of the literature (Hendry, pp. 20-22, 1995; Armstrong, pp. 71-78, 2006) has indicated that today in th e era of information and technology and in midst of thousands of qualified individuals lurking to acquire a job, career management has come up as a new aspect. It specifically involves provision of opportunities to individuals to explore their career possibilities, development of their career objectives, and provision of strategies to acquire their career. Experts (Miner, pp. 63-68, 2007) now believe that in the era of economic recession and increment in the unemployment, it has now become important for both career management and human resource management to integrate them, in order to ensure effectiveness at both workplaces, as well as in the marketplace (Ulrich, pp. 23-26, 1997). In the result, it is now a premise of this paper that human resource management should or even must be a component of career management in the future as such step will ease the process of recruitment, selection, and development of employees in the workplace. Additionally, it will allow the employers, as w ell as employees to acquire their targets easily in the marketplace. In order to understand the significance of making HRM a component of career management, the paper will now attempt to understand different current roles of HRM. Particularly, HRM is one of the tactical components (Lumsden et al., pp. 46-55, 2009) within a business entity, which ensures efficient handling of existing, as well as potential labor force. In particular, the major responsibility of HRM is to employ human workforce and make sure that they work in accordance with the identified goals and objectives of the organization, which HRM does by ensuring timely provision of all the required resources essential for such fulfillment. Experts (Briscoe & Schuler, pp. 50-54, 2004) have noticed that nowadays, HRM is also involved in dealing with factors, such as advantages, remuneration, efficiency of workers, productivity of employees, and most importantly, effective communication between employees and employers in the organization. From this brief understanding of the role of HRM, it seems that HRM can be very beneficial in ensuring effective implementation of career management. Unfortunately, nowadays, career has become a synonymous term to job, which is completely inappropriate and inaccurate. Particularly, career is a sequence of jobs, and job is a term that refers to a work that an individual takes to complete it (Grimshaw, pp. 20-25, 2009). In this regard, HRM should be a part of career management, as it can support the later to enable employees to manage their career in the most effective manner rather than sticking to a single job while changing different organizations, and considering it career management. Fortunately, nowadays, a huge number of business organizations are taking their workforce as basic pillars for the success of their organization (Mabey et al., pp. 25-30, 1998). In the result, employers are these days putting efforts to provide

Model Predictive Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Model Predictive Control - Essay Example By having access to data for several previous occurrences, it is more likely that a person familiar with the process can discern important patterns and identify the underlying cause(s) for the abnormal condition. Suppose that it is desired to analyze an abnormal condition, which is represented by multivariate time-series data for key process variables (e.g., measurements of controlled and manipulated variables for several interacting control loops). The objective is to locate similar, previous episodes (if they exist) in a large historical database, using an unsupervised learning technique. The proposed method does not require a process model, training data, or planned experiments. Instead, the analysis is based on historical operating data, which may be compressed Chemical manufacturing processes present many challenging control problems, including: nonlinear dynamic behaviour; multivariable interactions between manipulated and controlled variables; unmeasured state variables; unmeasured and frequent disturbances; high-order and distributed processes; uncertain and time-varying parameters; unmodelled dynamics; constraints on manipulated and state variables; and (variable) dead time on inputs and measurements. Further, reliable measurements of important variables to be controlled, such as quality related variables, are often difficult to obtain on-line. A number of control approaches and algorithms that are able to handle some of the above process characteristics have been presented in the academic literature in resent years. Bequette (1991) gives a review of various approaches, such as: internal model approaches; differential geometric approaches; reference system synthesis techniques, including internal decoupling and generic model control; model predictive control approaches; and also various special and ad hoc approaches. Many of these Automatic Control approaches are not able to handle the various process characteristics and requirements met in industrial applications, and some of the approaches can only be applied for special classes of models. Nonlinear Model Nonlinear model predictive control appears to be the only general approaches which can handle most of the common process characteristics and industrial requirements in a satisfactory way. It also seems to be the approaches, which are most suitable for the development of general and application independent software, which is essential for the development of cost-effective applications. For the above reasons this survey will focus on nonlinear model predictive control approaches presented in the open literature. Algorithms for nonlinear model predictive control are often extensions of linear model predictive control algorithms. For continuity the main characteristic features of linear model predictive control are briefly discussed. A nonlinear model is used for predicting the effects of past inputs. Future input moves, however, are calculated from a linear model, by solving av. quadratic program at each sampling time. The computational burden is then comparable to the ordinary QDMC algorithm. In the case of a nonlinear state-space model, the linear model is obtained by linearizing the nonlinear model around the current state estimate. In the case of an input-output model the nonlinear model is also linearized, and a minimal state-space realization of the linear

Financial Reporting and Analysis Week 2 Assignment Harnischfeger Case - 1

Financial Reporting and Analysis Week 2 Harnischfeger Case - Assignment Example With the coming in of the straight-line method for financial reporting which is a change that has built on the previously used method which was the principally accelerated method, some level of changes have been recorded on the income of the company. Even though it is described to be insignificant, there has been an upsurge in the reported income of the company by $11.0 million. Into the future, this change will only affect profits positively when the company is able to maintain its current expenditure or is able to keep that also lower than it currently stand (Cao, 2009). The accounting changes that were recorded also affected changes in the depreciation lives, which focused on specific areas of the company’s operations. These included U.S plants, machinery and equipment and residual values on selected items. The effect of this was an increase in net income by $3.2 million for 1984 alone. In the most immediate future, reported profits are expected to go up as a result of this. However, Conrad (2009) also noted that increased income can only be likened to guaranteed profits if expenditure is also low. The current economic assumptions that Harnischfeger’s plant and machinery will last longer and only lose their value slowly can be noted to be justified. This is because of a number of reasons. In the first place, most of the challenges that the business was facing as part of its business conditions in the primary industries are no more. Secondly, the depreciation accounting will now ensure that there is less pressure on plant and machinery, giving room for the lifespan of these to last longer. LIFO liquidation is simply a method of inventory costing that states for last in, first out. LIFO liquidation is noted to take place in situations where current sales are noted to be higher than current purchases, leading to the need to liquidate all inventory that were not sold in the previous periods (Hull and White, 2010). The effect of LIFO liquidation on income